Both methods examine arrow behaviour, but they answer different questions and neither replaces good shooting technique.
Paper tuning
Shooting through paper gives a snapshot of how the arrow passes through the paper at that point in its flight. It can be useful diagnostically, but the result can be sensitive to distance, release and setup.
Bare-shaft tuning
Bare-shaft tuning compares unfletched shafts with a group of matching fletched arrows. For target recurve it is often more directly useful once the archer can group consistently.
Use evidence, not one arrow
Repeat tests, change one variable at a time and keep the original settings recorded. If results are inconsistent, improve the group before chasing equipment changes.
Further reading and club guidance
Use this guide alongside coaching, the club risk assessment and the current rules for the round or event you are shooting. Safety instructions from the field captain, coach or judge always take priority.